A curated index of 64 publicly available electrocardiogram datasets spanning 12-lead clinical, 3-lead ICU, 2-lead ambulatory, single-lead wearable, and BSPM/ECGI recordings, sourced from open repositories across 15+ countries.
| # | Dataset | Format | Patients | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PTB-XLphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz (also 100 Hz) | 18,869 | 21,799 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Germany |
PTB-XL: A Large Publicly Available ECG Dataset | 📊 View Report |
| 2 | PTB-XL+physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · features & median beats | 18,869 | 21,799 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany |
PTB-XL+: A Comprehensive ECG Feature Dataset | 📊 View Report |
| 3 | PTB Diagnostic ECG Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 15-lead (12 + 3 Frank) · variable · 1,000 Hz | 290 | 549 | Open ODC Attribution |
Univ. Clinic Benjamin Franklin Germany — Berlin |
Bousseljot et al., Biomedizinische Technik, 1995 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 4 | MIMIC-IV-ECGphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz | ~160,000 | ~800,000 | Credentialed PhysioNet DUA |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center USA — Boston, MA |
Gow et al. | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 5 | MIMIC-IV-ECG Demophysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz | 92 | 659 | Open | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center USA — Boston, MA |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 6 | MIMIC-IV-ECG-Ext-ICDphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · 1,076 ICD-10-CM codes | Subset of MIMIC-IV-ECG | Subset of MIMIC-IV-ECG | Credentialed | MIT LCP + collaborators USA / Germany |
Eur Heart J Digital Health, 2024 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 7 | Chapman-Shaoxing (Arrhythmia)physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz | 45,152 | 45,152 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Chapman Univ.; Shaoxing People's Hospital & Ningbo First Hospital China / USA |
Zheng et al., Scientific Reports, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 8 | St Petersburg INCART 12-Lead Arrhythmia Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 30 min · 257 Hz | 32 | 75 | Open | St. Petersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics (INCART) Russia |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 9 | Lobachevsky University ECG Database (LUDB)physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · manually annotated waves | 200 | 200 | Open ODC Attribution |
Nizhny Novgorod City Hospital No. 5 / Lobachevsky University Russia |
IEEE Access, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 10 | Brugada-HUCAphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 12 s · 100 Hz | 363 | 363 | Open CC BY-SA 4.0 |
Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Spain |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 11 | KURIAS-ECGphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · SNOMED CT + OMOP-CDM | 13,862 | 20,000 | Restricted Pending audit |
Korea University Anam Hospital South Korea — Seoul |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 12 | Leipzig Heart Center ECG Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead + intracardiac EGM · variable · 977 Hz | 39 | 39 | Open ODC Attribution |
Leipzig Heart Center Germany |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 13 | Norwegian Endurance Athlete ECG Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz | 28 | 28 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
University of Oslo Norway |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 14 | MHD Effect on 12-Lead ECGs in MRI Scannersphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead + 3-lead · variable · 1,024 Hz | 23 | 43 | Open | Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg Germany |
Krug et al., CinC 2017 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 15 | Wilson Central Terminal ECG Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 37 signals (12 std + WCT + limb) · 10 s | 92 | 540 | Open ODC Attribution |
MARCS Institute, Western Sydney Univ.; Campbelltown Hospital Australia |
Machines, 2016 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 16 | CiPA ECG Validation Studyphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s | 60 | 5,749 segments | Open ODC Attribution |
Phase I Clinical Pharmacology Study (NCT03070470) USA |
Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2018 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 17 | ECG Effects of Dofetilide, Moxifloxacin and Combinations (ECGDMMLD)physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz (upsampled to 1 kHz) | 22 | 4,211 segments | Open ODC Attribution |
NCT02308748 USA |
Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2016 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 18 | ECG Effects of Ranolazine, Dofetilide, Verapamil, Quinidine (ECGRDVQ)physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz | 22 | 5,232 segments | Open ODC Attribution |
Clinical Pharmacology Study USA |
Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2014 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 19 | Eye Tracking Dataset for 12-Lead ECG Interpretationphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead ECG images · eye tracking at 60 Hz | 63 interpreters | 630 sessions | Open ODC ODbL |
Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa Univ. Qatar |
JMIR, 2022 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 20 | EchoNextphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 250 Hz | Not disclosed | 100,000 | Restricted | Columbia University Irving Medical Center USA — New York, NY |
Poterucha et al., Nature, 2025 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 21 | Symile-MIMICphysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · multimodal (ECG + CXR + labs) | 9,573 | 11,622 | Credentialed | MIT LCP / BIDMC USA |
Saporta et al., NeurIPS 2024 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 22 | PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2020physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · 6–60 s · 257–1,000 Hz | — | ~52,501 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
CPSC, INCART, PTB, PTB-XL, Georgia Multi-national (China, Russia, Germany, USA) |
Physiol Meas, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 23 | PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2021physionet.org ↗ | 12-lead (+ reduced-lead) · 5–144 s · 250–1,000 Hz | — | ~130,862 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
CPSC, INCART, PTB-XL, Georgia, Chapman-Shaoxing, Ningbo, UMich Multi-national (China, Russia, Germany, USA) |
CinC 2021 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 24 | STAFF III Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 12-lead · variable duration · 1,000 Hz · 0.625 µV resolution · WFDB | 104 | 152 inflations | Open ODC Attribution |
Charleston Area Medical Center; Blekinge Hospital USA / Sweden |
Martínez et al., CinC 2017 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| # | Dataset | Format | Patients | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | CPSC 2018 (China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018)icbeb.org ↗ | 12-lead · 6–60 s · 500 Hz · MATLAB .mat | ~6,877 | 6,877 | Open | 11 hospitals (ICBEB, Nanjing) China |
Liu et al., J. Med. Imaging Health Inform., 2018 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 2 | Chapman-Shaoxing ECG Database (10,646 patients)figshare.com ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · CSV | 10,646 | 10,646 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Chapman University; Shaoxing People's Hospital China / USA |
Zheng et al., Scientific Data, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 3 | Ningbo First Hospital ECG Database (Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia)figshare.com ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · CSV | 334 | 334 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Chapman University; Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang University China / USA |
Zheng et al., Scientific Data, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 4 | Shandong Provincial Hospital ECG Database (SPHDB)figshare.com ↗ | 12-lead · 10–60 s · 500 Hz · HDF5 | 24,666 | 25,770 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Shandong Provincial Hospital China |
Liu et al., Scientific Data, 2022 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 5 | CODE-15% (Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, 15% subset)zenodo.org ↗ | 12-lead · ~10 s · 400 Hz · HDF5 | 233,770 | 345,779 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (TNMG) Brazil |
Ribeiro et al., Nature Communications, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 6 | CODE-test (827-record hold-out test set)zenodo.org ↗ | 12-lead · 7–10 s · 400 Hz · HDF5 | 827 | 827 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / TNMG Brazil |
Ribeiro et al., Nature Communications, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 7 | CODE (Full Dataset, ~2.3M records)scilifelab.se ↗ | 12-lead · 400 Hz · HDF5 | ~1,676,384 | ~2,322,513 | Restricted DUA required |
Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (TNMG) Brazil |
Ribeiro et al., Nature Communications, 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 8 | SaMi-Trop (Chagas Cardiomyopathy Cohort)zenodo.org ↗ | 12-lead · 400 Hz · HDF5 | 1,631 | 1,631 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
UFMG; Uppsala University; EPFL Brazil / Sweden / Switzerland |
Lima et al., medRxiv, 2021 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 9 | IKEM Dataset (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague)zenodo.org ↗ | 12-lead (stored as 8 reduced leads) · 10 s · 500 Hz · HDF5 | 30,290 | 98,130 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
IKEM (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine) Czech Republic — Prague |
Seják et al., Knowledge-Based Systems, 2023 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 10 | MedalCare-XL (Synthetic 12-Lead ECGs from Simulations)zenodo.org ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 500 Hz · CSV (raw/noise/filtered variants) | 0 (synthetic) | 16,900 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Medical Univ. of Graz; KIT; PTB; Univ. of Edinburgh Austria / Germany / UK |
Gillette et al., Scientific Data, 2023 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 11 | Harvard-Emory ECG Database (HEEDB)bdsp.io ↗ | 12-lead · 10 s · 250/500 Hz · WFDB | 2,167,795 | 11,607,261 | Credentialed DUA (BDSP) |
Massachusetts General Hospital; Emory University Hospital USA — Boston & Atlanta |
Koscova et al., Scientific Data, 2026 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 12 | Nightingale BWH Emergency Dept ECG Datasetngsci.org ↗ | 12-lead · 100 Hz · NumPy arrays | 30,933 | 103,952 | Restricted Institutional credentials |
Brigham and Women's Hospital USA — Boston, MA |
Mullainathan & Obermeyer, QJE, 2021 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 13 | Nightingale NTUH Cardiac Arrest ECG Datasetngsci.org ↗ | 12-lead · ~500 Hz · XML/array | 10,950 | 18,072 | Restricted Institutional credentials |
National Taiwan University Hospital, Emergency Dept Taiwan |
Obermeyer et al., Nature Medicine, 2022 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 14 | GU-ECG (Gazi University, PTCA-induced Ischaemia)mendeley.com ↗ | 12-lead continuous · 8,800 Hz · 24-bit · .ekg format | 74 | 222 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine; Bilkent University Turkey |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 15 | ZZU pECG (Zhengzhou University Pediatric ECG Database)figshare.com ↗ | 12-lead + 9-lead · 5–120 s · 500 Hz · WFDB | 11,643 children | 14,190 | Open | First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University China |
Scientific Data, 2025 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| # | Dataset | Format | Patients | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead (MLII + V1) · 30 min · 360 Hz · WFDB | 47 | 48 | Open ODC Attribution |
Beth Israel Hospital / MIT USA |
Moody & Mark, IEEE EMBS 2001 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 2 | MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · 10 h · 250 Hz · WFDB | 25 | 25 | Open ODC Attribution |
Beth Israel Hospital USA |
Moody & Mark, CinC 1983 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 3 | Long-Term AF Database (LTAFDB)physionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · 24–25 h · 128 Hz · WFDB | 84 | 84 | Open ODC Attribution |
Northwestern University; MEDICALgorithmics USA / Poland |
Petrutiu et al., Europace 2007 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 4 | MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · ~24 h · 128 Hz · WFDB | 18 | 18 | Open ODC Attribution |
Beth Israel Hospital USA |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 5 | MIT-BIH Supraventricular Arrhythmia Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead (MLII + V1) · 30 min · 360 Hz · WFDB | — | 78 | Open ODC Attribution |
MIT / Harvard-MIT HST USA |
Greenwald, PhD thesis, Harvard-MIT 1990 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 6 | European ST-T Database (EDB)physionet.org ↗ | 2-lead ambulatory · 2 h · 250 Hz · WFDB | 79 | 90 | Open ODC Attribution |
CNR Institute for Clinical Physiology, Pisa; European Society of Cardiology Italy |
Taddei et al., Eur Heart J 1992 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 7 | BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · ~20 h · 250 Hz · WFDB | 15 | 15 | Open ODC Attribution |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center USA — Boston, MA |
Baim et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 1986 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 8 | Sudden Cardiac Death Holter Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · 4–25 h · 250 Hz · WFDB | 23 | 23 | Open ODC Attribution |
MIT USA |
Greenwald, MS thesis, MIT 1986 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 9 | QT Database (QTDB)physionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · 15 min · various Hz · WFDB | — | 105 | Open ODC Attribution |
MIT / PhysioNet USA |
Laguna et al., CinC 1997 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 10 | SHDB-AF (Saitama Holter Database — Atrial Fibrillation)physionet.org ↗ | 2-lead (CC5 + NASA) · ~24 h · 125 Hz · WFDB | 122 | 128 | Open ODC Attribution |
Saitama Medical University International Medical Center Japan |
Tsutsui et al., Scientific Data 2025 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 11 | MIT-BIH ST Change Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 2-lead · variable length · 360 Hz · WFDB · mostly exercise stress ECGs | — | 28 | Open ODC Attribution |
MIT / PhysioNet USA |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 12 | Long-Term ST Database (LTSTDB)physionet.org ↗ | 2–3 lead · 21–24 h · 250 Hz · WFDB · annotated ST episodes | 80 | 86 | Open ODC Attribution |
Ljubljana; Pisa; Cambridge Multi-national (EU) |
Jager et al., Med Biol Eng Comput, 2003 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| # | Dataset | Format | Patients | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Icentia11k Single Lead Continuous ECGphysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (modified Lead I) · ~70 min/seg · 250 Hz | 11,000 | 541,794 segments | Open CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 |
Université de Montréal; Icentia Inc. Canada |
Tan et al., CinC 2021 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 2 | PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017 (AF Classification)physionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (AliveCor) · 9–61 s · 300 Hz | — | 12,186 | Open ODC Attribution (training) |
AliveCor Inc. / MIT-Harvard PhysioNet USA |
Clifford et al., CinC 2017 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 3 | Apnea-ECG Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead · 7–10 h overnight · 100 Hz | ~70 | 70 | Open ODC Attribution |
Philipps-University Marburg Germany |
Penzel et al., CinC 2000 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 4 | ECG-ID Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (Lead I, wrist) · 20 s · 500 Hz | 90 | 310 | Open ODC Attribution |
Electrotechnical University "LETI" Russia — St. Petersburg |
Lugovaya, MSc thesis, 2005 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 5 | Post-Ictal Heart Rate Oscillations in Partial Epilepsyphysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead · overnight continuous · 200 Hz | 5 | 7 | Open ODC Attribution |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center / Harvard USA — Boston, MA |
Al-Aweel et al., Neurology 1999 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 6 | tOLIet (Thigh-based ECG, toilet seat)physionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (thigh, dry polymer electrodes) · up to 5 min · 1,000 Hz | 86 | 149 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central (CHULC) Portugal — Lisbon |
Silva et al., Scientific Data 2026 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 7 | Brno University of Technology ECG Quality Database (BUT QDB)physionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (Bittium Faros 180) + 3-axis accel. · ≥24 h · 1,000 Hz | 15 | 18 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Brno University of Technology Czech Republic |
Smital et al., IEEE TBME 2020 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 8 | VitalDB Arrhythmia Databasephysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (Lead II, intraoperative) · ~20 min median · 500 Hz | 482 | 482 | Open CC BY 4.0 |
Seoul National University Hospital South Korea |
Eun et al., Scientific Data 2026 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 9 | Preterm Infant Cardio-Respiratory Signals Database (PICSDB)physionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (single channel from bedside monitor) · 20–70 h · 500 Hz | 10 infants | 10 | Open ODC Attribution |
UMass Memorial Healthcare NICU USA — Worcester, MA |
Shamout et al., IEEE TBME 2017 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 10 | ECG-Capable Smartwatches Datasetphysionet.org ↗ | 1-lead (Lead I) · 10 s · 4 smartwatch models + reference (synthetic) | 0 (synthetic) | 915 | Restricted DUA required |
Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria Spain |
Recas et al. (pending) | 🕑 Coming soon |
| # | Dataset | Format | Patients | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | St. Vincent's / UCD Sleep Apnea Database (UCDDB)physionet.org ↗ | 3-lead Holter (V5, CC5, V5R) · overnight PSG · 128 Hz · EDF | 25 | 25 | Open ODC Attribution |
St. Vincent's University Hospital / University College Dublin Ireland |
Dataset DOI | 🕑 Coming soon |
| 2 | MIMIC-III Waveform Database Matched Subsetphysionet.org ↗ | 1–5 ECG leads · typically 3-lead ICU (Lead II, V, AVR) · continuous · 125 Hz · WFDB | 10,282 | 22,317 | Open ODbL |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center USA — Boston, MA |
Johnson et al., Scientific Data, 2016 | 🕑 Coming soon |
| # | Dataset | Format | Subjects | Records | Access | Origin | Paper | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | EDGAR (Experimental Data & Geometric Analysis Repository)ecg-imaging.org ↗ | BSPM (64+ leads) + torso geometry + CT · human, canine & simulation · MATLAB/SCIRun | Multiple | Multiple datasets | Open Free registration |
Univ. of Utah; Charles Univ. Hospital; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Multi-national (USA / Czech Republic / Germany) |
Aras et al., J Electrocardiol, 2015 | 🕑 Coming soon |
Distribution across the four lead-count groups
Open vs credentialed vs restricted across all datasets
Primary country attributed to each dataset (multi-national datasets counted once)
Largest datasets ranked by number of records or segments
How open access varies across lead-count categories
How many datasets use each common sampling rate